Visit to the Graeae and the Nymphs
Catalogue ID: 03-heroes/004-graeae-nymphs-apollodorus
Cycle: Heroes — Perseus
Version line: Apollodorean / Pherecydian (shared eye and tooth; path to the nymphs)
Sources: Apollodorus, *Library* 2.4.2; Hesiod, *Theogony* 270–276 (Phorcides and Gorgons as children of Phorcys and Ceto)
Source file: /workspace/greek-myth-catalogue/03-heroes/004-graeae-nymphs-apollodorus.md
Characters
- Artemis — guide
- Ceto — mother of the Graeae and Gorgons
- Dino — one of the Graeae
- Graeae — one of the Graeae
- Hades — owner of the cap of invisibility
- Olympian gods — sisters of the Graeae; next destination
- Perseus — seizes the shared eye and tooth; bargains for the path; receives divine and nymphal gear
- Philotes — one of the Graeae (Phorcides)
- Phorcys — father of the Graeae and of the Gorgons
- The Hours — guide; giver of the adamantine sickle
- The nymphs — possessors of sandals, kibisis, and Hades’ cap
Places
- Dwelling of the Graeae — near the Gorgons; in Aeschylus, Gorgonean plains of Cisthene beyond the bounding stream toward the east
- Dwelling of the nymphs — source of sandals, kibisis, and cap
- Styx — destination after equipping (flight path to the Gorgons)
Themes
Narrative
Guided by Hermes and Athena, Perseus came to the daughters of Phorcus—Enyo, Pephredo, and Dino—born to Phorcus by Ceto, sisters of the Gorgons, and old women from birth. The three shared a single eye and a single tooth, which they passed among themselves in turn.
Perseus seized the eye and the tooth. When the Graeae begged them back, he refused until they showed him the way to the nymphs who kept the gear he needed. They told him; he restored eye and tooth; and going to the nymphs he received the winged sandals, the kibisis, and the cap of Hades. Fitting the sandals to his ankles, slinging the kibisis about him, and setting the cap on his head, he became unseen by others while seeing whom he pleased. Hermes also gave him the adamantine sickle. Thus equipped, he flew toward Ocean and the sleeping Gorgons.
Aeschylus’s tragic geography places these ancient swan-like sisters beyond the stream that bounds the continents, toward the flaming east, on the Gorgonean plains of Cisthene—neither sun nor moon looks upon them—and sets their three winged Gorgon sisters nearby. Hesiod’s theogonic catalogue anchors the same family: Phorcys and Ceto beget both the Graeae and the Gorgons. Apollodorus’s narrative is the working quest version of that genealogy.